![]() The Dutch missionaries' presence in the highlands gave rise to the Toraja ethnic consciousness in the Sa'dan Toraja region, and this shared identity grew with the rise of tourism in the Tana Toraja Regency. As a result, "Toraja" initially had more currency with outsiders-such as the Bugis and Makassarese, who constitute a majority of the lowland of Sulawesi-than with insiders. "Toraja" (from the coastal languages' to, meaning people and riaja, uplands) was first used as a lowlander expression for highlanders. Although complexes of rituals created linkages between highland villages, there were variations in dialects, differences in social hierarchies, and an array of ritual practices in the Sulawesi highland region. Before Dutch colonisation and Christianisation, Torajans, who lived in highland areas, identified with their villages and did not share a broad sense of identity. The Torajan people had little notion of themselves as a distinct ethnic group before the 20th century. Tana Toraja, Palawa, painted front of a tongkonan house, ca. Today, tourism and remittances from migrant Torajans have made for major changes in the Toraja highland, giving the Toraja a celebrity status within Indonesia and enhancing Toraja ethnic group pride. By the 1990s, when tourism peaked, Toraja society had changed significantly, from an agrarian model-in which social life and customs were outgrowths of the Aluk To Dolo-to a largely Christian society. When the Tana Toraja regency was further opened to the outside world in the 1970s, it became an icon of tourism in Indonesia: it was exploited by tourism development and studied by anthropologists. In the early 1900s, Dutch missionaries first worked to convert Torajan highlanders to Christianity. Toraja funeral rites are important social events, usually attended by hundreds of people and lasting for several days.īefore the 20th century, Torajans lived in autonomous villages, where they practised animism and were relatively untouched by the outside world. Torajans are renowned for their elaborate funeral rites, burial sites carved into rocky cliffs, massive peaked-roof traditional houses known as tongkonan, and colourful wood carvings. The Dutch colonial government named the people Toraja in 1909. The word Toraja comes from the Buginese language term to riaja, meaning "people of the uplands". The Indonesian government has recognised this animistic belief as Aluk To Dolo ("Way of the Ancestors"). Most of the population is Christian, and others are Muslim ( Torajan Muslims) or have local animist beliefs known as aluk ("the way"). ![]() Their population is approximately 1,100,000, of whom 450,000 live in the regency of Tana Toraja ("Land of Toraja"). It does not store any personal data.The Torajans are an ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". ![]() The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. ![]() The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". ![]() These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ![]()
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